SANFORD LEVINSON
Sanford V Levinson
W. St. John Garwood and W. St. John Garwood, Jr. Centennial Chair
Professor of Government
University of Texas at Austin
School of Law
JD 1973, Stanford
PhD 1969, Harvard
AB 1962, Duke University
Sanford Levinson, who holds the W. St. John Garwood and W. St. John Garwood, Jr. Centennial Chair in Law, joined the University of Texas Law School in 1980. Previously a member of the Department of Politics at Princeton University, he is also a Professor in the Department of Government at the University of Texas. The author of over 250 articles and book reviews in professional and popular journals, Levinson is also the author of four books: Constitutional Faith (1988, winner of the Scribes Award); Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (1998); Wrestling With Diversity (2003); and, most recently, Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (and How We the People Can Correct It)(2006). His edited or co-edited books include a leading constitutional law casebook, Processes of Constitutional Decisionmaking (5th ed. 2006, with Paul Brest, Jack Balkin, Akhil Amar, and Reva Siegel); Reading Law and Literature: A Hermeneutic Reader (1988, with Steven Mallioux); Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment (1995); Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies (1998, with William Eskridge); Legal Canons (2000, with Jack Balkin); The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion (2005, with Batholomew Sparrow); and Torture: A Collection (2004, revised paperback edition, 2006), which includes reflections on the morality, law, and politics of torture from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. He has taught a course on "Torture, Law, and Lawyers" at the Harvard Law School. He is also a regular participant on the popular blog, Balkinization.
He has visited at the Boston University, Georgetown, Harvard, New York University, and Yale law schools, as well as the law faculties at the University of Paris II, Central European University in Budapest, and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is also affiliated with the Shalom Hartman Institute of Jewish Philosophy in Jerusalem. A member of the American Law Institute, Levinson was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001. He is married to Cynthia Y. Levinson, a writer of children's literature, and has two children, Meira, a member of the faculty at the Harvard Graduate School of Education (after teaching in the Atlanta and Boston public school systems), and Rachel, a lawyer with the American Association of University Professors in Washington, D.C.
Publications
Books
Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Con-stitution Goes Wrong (And How We the People Can Correct It) (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.)
The American Supreme Court by Robert G. McCloskey (4th ed.revision, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005)
Torture: A Collection (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2004) (editor).
Wrestling with Diversity (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003).
Processes of Constitutional Decisionmaking: Cases and Materials (Gaithersburg, N.Y.: Aspen Law & Business, 4th ed. 2000, with Paul Brest, J. M. Balkin, & Akhil Reed Amar; Boston: Little, Brown, 3rd ed. 1992, 2nd ed. l983, Supplement 2006, with Paul Brest, J. M. Balkin, Akhil Reed Amar & Reva B. Siegel, Supplement 1980, with Paul Brest).
Legal Canons (New York: New York University Press, 2000) (editor, with J.M. Balkin).
Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies (New York: New York University Press, 1998) (editor, with William N. Eskridge).
Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998).
Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995) (editor).
The American Supreme Court by Robert G. McCloskey (2nd ed. revision, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
Interpreting Law and Literature (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1988) (editor, with Steven Mailloux).
Constitutional Faith (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988).
Power and Community: Dissenting Essays in Political Science (New York: Pantheon Books, 1970) (editor, with Philip Green).
Articles
Adapt U.S. Constitution to 21st Century Reality, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 30, 2008, at B9.
Why Originalism?, The National Law Journal, February 25, 2008, at 27.
Arms and Constitutional Design: An Essay for Laurence Tribe [Symposium: Legal Scholarship Symposium: The Scholarship of Laurence Tribe], 42 Tulsa Law Review 883 (2008).
Political Party and Senatorial Succession: A Response to Vikram Amar on How Best to Interpret the Seventeenth Amendment, 35 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 713 (2008).
No vice, Boston Globe, July 1, 2007, at D1.
Impeachment: The Case Against, The Nation, Feb. 12, 2007, at 21.
Twenty-Year Legacy of South Dakota v. Dole: Dole Dialogue, 52 South Dakota Law Review 468 (2007) (with Lynn A. Baker).
Afterword: Do We Really Believe Any Longer in the Possibility of ?Government from Reflection and Choice?? A Dour Meditation on Our Present Situation [Symposium: The Maryland Constitutional Law Schmooze], 67 Maryland Law Review 281 (2007).
Afterword, 55 Drake Law Review 1009 (2007).
How the United States Constitution Contributes to the Democratic Deficit in America, 55 Drake Law Review 859 (2007).
The Democratic Deficit in America, 1 Harvard Law & Policy Review (Online), Dec. 4, 2006, http://www.hlpronline.com/2006/06/levinson_01.html.
Get me rewrite! George Washington didn't think the Constitution was sacrosanct -- why do we? It's time for a new constitutional convention, Boston Globe, October 22, 2006, pp. 1-2.
Our Broken Constitution, The Los Angeles Times, October 16, 2006, at 13B.
It is Time to Repair the Constitution?s Flaw, The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 13, 2006, at B10.
Against the Veto. Poison Pen, The New Republic, October 9, 2006, at 12.
Constitutional Norms in a State of Permanent Emergency, 40 Georgia Law Review 699 (2006).
The Deepening Crisis of American Constitutionalism, 40 Georgia Law Review 889 (2006).
Law & the Humanities, Daedalus, Spring 2006, at 105 (with Jack M. Balkin).
The Processes of Constitutional Change: From Partisan Entrenchment to the National Surveillance State, LXXV Fordham Law Review 489 (2006) (with Jack M. Balkin).
Law and the Humanities: An Uneasy Relationship, 18 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 155 (2006) (with Jack M. Balkin).
Is It Possible to Have a Serious Discussion About Religious Commitment and Judicial Responsibilities?, 4 University of St. Thomas Law Journal 280 (2006).
Between Blue and Gray: The Senate Should Ask John Roberts about the Legacy of Appomattox, Legal Times, Sept. 5, 2005, at 58.
Trial by Breyer, Austin American-Statesman, Sept. 4, 2005, at K6 (reviewing Active Liberty: Interpreting Our Democratic Constitution, by Stephen Breyer).
Age: The Unspoken Litmus Test for Bush as He Replaces O'Connor, Austin American-Statesman, July 10, 2005, at H1.
In Praise of Richard Weisberg and Engaged Scholarship, 26 Cardozo Law Review 2247 (2005).
The Pedagogy of the First Amendment: Why Teaching About Freedom of Speech Raises Unique (and Perhaps Insurmountable) Problems for Conscientious Teachers and Their Students [Melville B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture], 52 UCLA Law Review 1359 (2005).
Thinking About Polygamy [Symposium: The Meaning of Marriage], 42 San Diego Law Review 1049 (2005).
Why Nuclear Disarmament May Be Easier to Achieve Than an End to Partisan Conflict over Judicial Appointments, 39 University of Richmond Law Review 923 (2005) (with David S. Low).
"Imposed Constitutionalism": Some Reflections, 37 Connecticut Law Review 921 (2005).
Statues Stand for Flawed Vision of Unity, Austin American-Statesman, June 6, 2004, at E1.
The Painful Lessons of Abu Ghraib: Brutal Logic, The Village Voice, May 12-18, 2004, at 27.
Torture in Iraq, Daedalus, Summer 2004, at 5.
Superb History, Dubious Constitutional and Political Theory: Comments on Uviller and Merkel, The Militia and the Right to Arms, 12 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 315 (2004).
Speaking in the Name of the Law: Some Reflections on ?Professional Responsibility?, 1 St. Thomas Law Review 447 (2004).
Reply: Why I Still Won?t Teach Marbury (Except in a Seminar), 6 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 588 (2004).
Looking Abroad When Interpreting the U.S. Constitution: Some Reflections [Symposium: Globalization and the Judiciary], 39 Texas International Law Journal 353 (2004).
?Perpetual Union,? ?Free Love,? and Secession: On the Limits to the ?Consent of the Governed? [Symposium: The Scholarship of Frank I. Michelman], 39 Tulsa Law Review 457 (2004).
Constitutional Law: Two Activist Wings [2003 Developments in the Substantive Law], Texas Lawyer, Dec. 22, 2003, at 32.
Has the Supreme Court Gone Too Far? [symposium], Commentary, Oct. 2003, at 37.
Why I Did Not Sign the Constitution: With a Chance to Endorse It, I Had to Decline, Writ: Findlaw?s Legal Commentary, Sept. 23, 2003. <http://writ.news.findlaw.com/commentary/20030923_levinson.html>.
Redefining the Center: Liberal Decisions from a Conservative Court, The Village Voice, July 2-8, 2003, at 38.
The Supreme Court and Affirmative Action: Ruling by Ruling, We Inch Closer to Core Problem at Our Universities, Austin American-Statesman, June 25, 2003, at A11 (with Jordan M. Steiker).
The Debate on Torture: War Against Virtual States, Dissent, Summer 2003, at 79.
Afterword [Legal Scholarship Symposium: The Scholarship of Sanford Levinson], 38 Tulsa Law Review 779 (2003).
?Precommitment? and ?Postcommitment?: The Ban on Torture in the Wake of September 11, 81 Texas Law Review 2013 (2003).
What Are the Facts of Marbury v. Madison?, 20 Constitutional Commentary 255 (2003) (with Jack M. Balkin).
What Follows Putting Reason in Its Place? ?Now Vee May Perhaps to Begin. Yes??, 151 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1371 (2003).
Why I Do Not Teach Marbury (Except to Eastern Europeans) and Why You Shouldn?t Either, 38 Wake Forest Law Review 553 (2003).
?Law,? ?Philosophy,? or ?Politics?? Identifying the Status of the Arguments in Owen Fiss?s ?Groups and the Equal Protection Clause? [Symposium: The Origins and Fate of Antisubordination Theory], 2002 Issues in Legal Scholarship, Article 5. <http://www.bepress.com/ils/iss2/art5>
How to Judge Future Judges, Dissent, Fall 2002, at 63.
Bush v. Gore and the French Revolution: A Tentative List of Some Early Lessons, Law & Contemporary Problems, Summer 2002, at 7.
The Warren Court Has Left the Building: Some Comments on Contemporary Discussions of Equality, 2002 University of Chicago Legal Forum 119.
One Person, One Vote: A Mantra in Need of Meaning, 80 North Carolina Law Review 1269 (2002).
The Lawyer as Moral Counselor: How Much Should the Client Be Expected to Pay?, 77 Notre Dame Law Review 831 (2002).
What is the Constitution?s Role in Wartime?: Why Free Speech and Other Rights Are Not As Safe As You Might Think, Writ: FindLaw?s Legal Commentary, Oct. 17, 2001. .
Bombs Bursting in Air, and Our Flag Still There: Why a Small Island Near Puerto Rico May Be the Harbinger of a Constitutional Crisis, Writ: FindLaw?s Legal Commentary, July 12, 2001. .
Return of Legal Realism, The Nation, Jan. 8/15, 2001, at 8.
What We?ll Remember in 2050: 9 Views on Bush v. Gore, Chronicle of Higher Education, Jan. 5, 2001, at B15 (with others).
Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Curtis & the Importance of Constitutional Fidelity, 4 Green Bag (2d ser.) 419 (2001).
Commentary: ?Democracy in a New America?: Some Reflections on a Title [symposium issue, ?Democracy in a New America?], 79 North Carolina Law Review 1559 (2001).
Compelling Collaboration with Evil? A Comment on Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council, 69 Fordham Law Review 2189 (2001).
The David C. Baum Memorial Lecture: Was the Emancipation Proclamation Constitutional? Do We/Should We Care What the Answer Is?, 2001 Illinois Law Review 1135.
Legal Historicism and Legal Academics: The Roles of Law Professors in the Wake of Bush v. Gore [Symposium: A Celebration of the Work of Mark Tushnet], 90 Georgetown Law Journal 173 (2001) (with Jack M. Balkin).
Structuring Intimacy: Some Reflections on the Fact that the Law Generally Does Not Protect Us Against Unwanted Gazes, 89 Georgetown Law Journal 2073 (2001).
Understanding the Constitutional Revolution, 87 Virginia Law Review 1045 (2001) (with Jack M. Balkin).
Who?s Afraid of the Twelfth Amendment? [Symposium: ?The Law of Presidential Elections: Issues in the Wake of Florida 2000?], 29 Florida State University Law Review 925 (2001) (with Ernest A. Young).
I Dissent! The Constitution Got Us Into This Mess, Washington Post, Dec. 17, 2000, at B2.
The Twelfth Amendment: A Time Bomb, Writ: FindLaw?s Legal Commentary, Aug. 16, 2000. .
2 Texans, Not 1, New York Times, Aug. 4, 2000, at A27.
What Does the Confederate Statuary on the Capitol Grounds Say About Us?, Austin American-Statesman, Feb. 7, 2000, at A9.
Why Professor Lynch Asks the Right Questions [Symposium on Joseph Lynch?s Negotiating the Constitution], 31 Seton Hall Law Review 45 (2000).
Why It?s Smart to Think About Constitutional Stupidities, 17 Georgia State University Law Review 359 (2000).
Diversity [1999 Owen J. Roberts Memorial Lecture], 2 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 573 (2000).
Why the Canon Should be Expanded to Include The Insular Cases and the Saga of American Expansionism [Symposium: The Canon(s) of Constitutional Law], 17 Constitutional Commentary 241 (2000).
Q&A with Sanford V. Levinson: ?A Court Insulated from American Life?, Austin American-Statesman, July 1, 1999, at A18.
Interpreting Law and Music: Performance Notes on ?The Banjo Serenader? and ?The Lying Crowd of Jews?, 20 Cardozo Law Review 1513 (1999) (with J. M. Balkin).
Constitutional Populism: Is It Time for ?We the People? to Demand An Article Five Convention?, 4 Widener Law Symposium Journal 211 (1999).
Roundtable Discussion, Widener Law Symposium Journal Symposium: Is American Progressive Constitutionalism Dead?, 4 Widener Law Symposium Journal 273 (1999) (with others)
Getting Serious About ?Taking Legal Reasoning Seriously? [Symposium on Taking Legal Argument Seriously], 74 Chicago-Kent Law Review 543 (1999) (with J. M. Balkin).
Silencing the Past: Public Monuments and the Tutelary State, 17 Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal 149 (1999).
Transitions, 108 Yale Law Journal 2215 (1999).
Some (Brief) Reflections About Law and Literature, 10 Cardozo Studies in Law & Literature 121 (1998).
The Second Amendment as Teaching Tool in Constitutional Law Classes, 48 Journal of Legal Education 591 (1998) (with Eugene Volokh, Robert J. Cottrol, L. A. Powe Jr. & Glenn Harlan Reynolds).
The Canons of Constitutional Law, 111 Harvard Law Review 964 (1998) (with J. M. Balkin).
Is the Second Amendment Finally Becoming Recognized as Part of the Constitution? Voices From the Courts, 1998 Brigham Young University Law Review 127.
On Political Boundary Lines, Multiculturalism, and the Liberal State, 72 Indiana Law Journal 403 (1997).
Translation: Who Needs It?, 65 Fordham Law Review 1457 (1997).
High Court Puts UT at a Disadvantage, Austin American-Statesman, July 3, 1996, at A13.
A Constitutional Convention: Does the Left Fear Popular Sovereignty?, Dissent, Winter 1996, at 27.
Raoul Berger Pleads for Judicial Activism: A Comment, 74 Texas Law Review 773 (1996).
The Political Implications of Amending Clauses, 13 Constitutional Commentary 107 (1996).
An Open Letter to Congressman Gingrich, 105 Yale Law Journal 1539 (1996) (with Philip Chase Bobbitt, Douglas Laycock et al.).
The Limited Relevance of Originalism in the Actual Performance of Legal Roles, 19 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 495 (1996).
Introduction: Why Select a Favorite Case?, 74 Texas Law Review 1195 (1996).
How to Win Cites and Influence People, 71 Chicago-Kent Law Review 843 (1996) (with J. M. Balkin).
Hopwood: Some Reflections on Constitutional Interpretation by an Inferior Court, 2 Texas Forum on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 113 (1996).
Experience and Legal Education, 26 Cumberland Law Review 751 (1996).
Constitutional Imperfection, Judicial Misinterpretation, and the Politics of Constitutional Amendment: Thoughts Generated by Some Current Proposals to Amend the Constitution, 1996 Brigham Young University Law Review 611.
Allocating Honor and Acting Honorably: Some Reflections Provoked by the Cardozo Conference on Slavery, 17 Cardozo Law Review 1969 (1996).
To Keep and Bear Arms: An Exchange, New York Times Review of Books, Nov. 16, 1995, at 61.
Dear Newt: ?Supermajority? Goes Too Far, Legal Times, Jan. 9, 1995, at 10 (with Philip Bobbitt, Douglas Laycock et al.).
Taking Text and Structure Really Seriously: Constitutional Interpretation and the Crisis of Presidential Eligibility, 74 Texas Law Review 237 (1995) (with Jordan Steiker & J. M. Balkin).
Presidential Elections and Constitutional Stupidities, 12 Constitutional Commentary 183 (1995). [Reprinted in Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies (William N. Eskridge, Jr. & Sanford Levinson eds.; New York: New York University Press, 1998).]
National Loyalty, Communalism, and the Professional Identity of Lawyers, 7 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 49 (1995).
Is Liberal Nationalism an Oxymoron? An Essay for Judith Shklar, 105 Ethics 626 (1995).
They Whisper: Reflections on Flags, Monuments, and State Holidays, and the Construction of Social Meaning in a Multicultural Society, 70 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1079 (1995).
Authorizing Constitutional Text: On the Purported Twenty-seventh Amendment, 11 Constitutional Commentary 101 (1994).
Constitutional Grammar, 72 Texas Law Review 1771 (1994) (with J. M. Balkin).
Constitutional Protestantism in Theory and Practice: Two Questions for Michael Stokes Paulsen and One for His Critics, 83 Georgetown Law Journal 373 (1994).
Identifying the Compelling State Interest: On ?Due Process of Lawmaking? and the Professional Responsibility of the Public Lawyer, 45 Hastings Law Journal 1035 (1994).
Examining the Scholarly Ideas of Presidential Nominees, Chronicle of Higher Education, June 23, 1993, at B1.
Justice Needs Experience, Dallas Morning News, May 27, 1993, at 31A.
The Court Needs Street Smarts, New York Times, May 24, 1993, at A15.
Presidential Power and Gays in the Military, Wall Street Journal, Feb. 3, 1993, at A21.
On Positivism and Potted Plants: ?Inferior? Judges and the Task of Constitutional Interpretation, 25 Connecticut Law Review 843 (1993).
Some Reflections on Multiculturalism, ?Equal Concern and Respect,? and the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, 27 University of Richmond Law Review 989 (1993).
Slavery in the Canon of Constitutional Law, 68 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1097 (1993).
Judge Edwards? Indictment of ?Impractical? Scholars: The Need for a Bill of Particulars, 91 Michigan Law Review 2010 (1993).
Identifying the Jewish Lawyer: Reflections on the Construction of Professional Identity, 14 Cardozo Law Review 1577 (1993).
Parliamentarianism, Progressivism, and 1937: Some Reservations About Professor West?s Aspirational Constitution, 88 Northwestern University Law Review 283 (1993).
Religious Language and the Public Square, 105 Harvard Law Review 2061 (1992).
Contempt of Court: The Most Important ?Contemporary Challenge to Judging?, 49 Washington & Lee Law Review 339 (1992).
The Audience for Constitutional Meta-Theory (or, Why and to Whom, Do I Write the Things I Do?), 63 University of Colorado Law Review 389 (1992).
Tiers of Scrutiny?From Strict Through Rational Basis?And the Future of Interests: Commentary on Fiss and Linde, 55 Albany Law Review 745 (1992).
Democratic Politics and Gun Control, Reconstruction, Spring 1992, at 137.
Accounting for Constitutional Change (or, How Many Times Has the United States Constitution Been Amended? (a) <26; (b) 26 (c) >26; (d) all of the above), 8 Constitutional Commentary 395 (1991). [Expanded version of A Multiple Choice Test: How Many Times has the U.S. Constitution Been Amended? (A) 14; (B) 26; (C) 420 +/- 100; (D) All of the Above, in Pragmatism in Law and Society 295 (Michael Brint & William Wever eds.; Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991).]
?The Ambiguity of Political Virtue?: A Response to Wolfast, 17 Social Theory & Practice 295 (1991).
[Article on Patriotism], 253 The Nation 108 (1991).
Law, Music, and Other Performing Arts, 139 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1597 (1991) (with Jack Balkin).
The Confrontation of Religious Faith and Civil Religion: Catholics Becoming Justices, 39 DePaul Law Review 1047 (1990).
On the Notion of Amendment: Reflections on David Daube?s ?Jehovah the Good?, 1 S?vara 25 (1990).
Taking Oaths Seriously: A Comment on Carter and Sunstein, 2 Yale Journal of Law & Humanities 113 (1990).
?Veneration? and Constitutional Change: James Madison Confronts the Possibility of Constitutional Amendment, 21 Texas Tech Law Review 2443 (1990).
Suffrage and Community: Who Should Vote?, 41 Florida Law Review 545 (1989).
Electoral Regulation: Some Comments, 18 Hofstra Law Review 411 (1989).
The Embarrassing Second Amendment, 99 Yale Law Journal 63 (1989).
The Oliver Wendell Holmes History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 75 Virginia Law Review 1429 (1989).
On Critical Legal Studies, 36 Dissent 360 (1989).
Some Reflections on the Rehabilitation of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, 12 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 71 (1989).
Should Terrorists be Assassinated?, Tikkun, July/Aug. 1988, at 76.
Writing and Its Discontents, Tikkun, Mar./Apr. 1988, at 36.
Academic Freedom and Expert Witnessing: Historians and the Sears Case, 66 Texas Law Review 1629 (1988) (with Thomas Haskell).
Faith in the Republic: A Francis Lewis Law Center Conversation, 45 Washington & Lee Law Review 467 (1988) (with Stanley Hauerwas, Mark V. Tushnet et al.).
Public Lives and the Limits of Privacy, 21 PS: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association 263 (1988).
Some Reflections on the Rehabilitation of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, 12 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 71 (1988).
Why Papalism? A Response to Justice McCarthy, 7 St. Louis University Public Law Review (1988).
Constitutional Rhetoric and the Ninth Amendment, 64 Chicago-Kent Law Review 131 (1988).
Comment [Symposium on Interpreting the Ninth Amendment], 64 Chicago-Kent Law Review 175 (1988).
Response: Comments on Harvey Mansfield?s Review of Constitutional Faith, 1 Yale Journal of Law & Humanity 187 (1988).
The Constitution and the Court: Could Meese Be Right?, Current, May 1987, at 32.
Some Reflections on the Posnerian Constitution, 56 George Washington Law Review 39 (1987).
Pledging Faith in the Civil Religion; or, Would You Sign the Constitution?, 29 William & Mary Law Review 113 (1987).
The Inescapability of Making Choices, 10 Hamline Law Review 139 (1987).
Could Meese Be Right This Time?, 61 Tulane Law Review 1071 (1987).
Constituting Communities Through Words that Bind: Reflections on Loyalty Oaths, 84 Michigan Law Review 1440 (1986).
Frivolous Cases: Do Lawyers Really Know Anything At All?, 24 Osgoode Hall Law Journal 353 (1986).
Looking At the Constitution: Could Meese Be Right This Time?, 243 The Nation 689 (1986).
Professing Law: Commitment of Faith or Detached Analysis?, 31 St. Louis University Law Journal 3 (1986).
Gerrymandering and the Brooding Omnipresence of Proportional Representation: Why Won?t It Go Away?, 33 UCLA Law Review 257 (1985).
On Interpretation: The Adultery Clause of the Ten Commandments, 58 Southern California Law Review 719 (1985).
What Do Lawyers Know (And What Do They Do With Their Knowledge)?, Comments on Schauer and Moore, 58 Southern California Law Review 441 (1985).
On Dworkin, Kennedy, and Ely: Decoding the Legal Past, 51 Partisan Review 248 (1984).
Testimonial Privileges and the Preferences of Friendship, 1984 Duke Law Journal 631.
The Preference of Friendship, Duke Law Magazine, Summer 1984, at 21.
Escaping Liberalism: Easier Said Than Done, 96 Harvard Law Review 1466 (1983).
Law [Symposium on American Thought in the 1980s], 35 American Quarterly 191 (1983).
The Turn Toward Functionalism in Constitutional Theory, 8 Dayton Law Review 567 (1983).
Under Cover: The Hidden Costs of Infiltration, 12 Hastings Center Report 29 (1982). [Reprinted in Abscam Ethics: Moral Issues and Deception in Law Enforcement (Gerald M. Caplan ed.; Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1983).]
Law as Literature, 60 Texas Law Review 373 (1982).
Why Not Take Another Look at the Constitution?, 234 The Nation 656 (1982).
Judicial Review and the Problem of the Comprehensible Constitution, 59 Texas Law Review 395 (1981).
The O?Connor Precedent: Should Supreme Court Nominees Have Opinions?, 232 The Nation 375 (1981).
A.A.L.S. Law and Religion Panel: Law as Our Civil Religion, 31 Mercer Law Review 477 (1980).
An Exemplary Death, Columbia Journalism Review, May/June 1979, at 31.
?The Constitution? in American Civil Religion, 1979 Supreme Court Review 123.
Bilingualism: A Symposium, 228 The Nation 262 (1979).
Self-Evident Truths in the Declaration of Independence, 57 Texas Law Review 847 (1979).
How Not to Pick a Judge, 227 The Nation 262 (1978).
Taking Law Seriously: Reflections on ?Thinking Like a Lawyer?, 30 Stanford Law Review 1071 (1978).
U.S. Judges: The Case for Politics, 226 The Nation 228 (1978). [Reprinted in Courts, Judges and Politics: An Introduction to the Judicial Process (Walter F. Murphy & C. Herman Pritchett eds.; New York: Random House, 3rd ed. 1979).]
The Specious Morality of the Law, Harper?s , May 1977, at 35. [Reprinted in The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Expository Prose 902 (Arthur M. Eastman ed.; New York: Norton, 5th ed. 1980).]
Fidelity to Law and the Assessment of Political Activity, 27 Stanford Law Review 1185 (1975).
New Perspectives on the Reconstruction Court, 26 Stanford Law Review 461 (1974).
The Rediscovery of Law, 57 Soundings 318 (1974).
The Democratic Faith of Felix Frankfurter, 25 Stanford Law Review 430 (1973).
Responsibility for Crimes of War, 2 Philosophy and Public Affairs 244 (1973). [Reprinted in War and Moral Responsibility, 104 (Marshall Cohen, Thomas Nagel & Thomas Scanlon eds.; Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974).]
The Supreme Court: Does It Have an Innovative Role?, Harvard Review, Fall-Winter 1965, at 1.
Reviews
Guns and the Constitution: A Complex Relationship, 36 Reviews in American History 1 (2008) (reviewing A Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America, by Saul Cornell & Out of Range: Why the Constitution Can?t End the Battle Over Guns, by Mark V. Tushnet).
History of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Birth of the Modern Constitution: The United States Supreme Court, 1941?1953, by William M. Wiecek, 26 Law and History Review 730 (2008).
Compromised, Austin American-Statesman, Oct. 14, 2007, at J05 (reviewing A More Perfect Constitution: 23 Proposals to Revitalize Our Constitution and Make America a Fairer Country, by Larry Sabato, & The Genius of America: How the Constitution Saved Our Country and Why It Can Again, by Eric Lane & Michael Oreskes).
Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle, by Cass R. Sunstein, 15 Law & Politics Book Review 635 (2005).
Shards of Citizenship, Shards of Sovereignty: On the Continued Usefulness of an Old Vocabulary, 21 Constitutional Commentary 601 (2004) (reviewing Semblances of Sovereignty: The Constitution, the State, and American Citizenship, by T. Alexander Aleinikoff).
Looking Back at Law's Century, ed. by Austin Sarat et al., 46 American Journal of Legal History 501 (2004).
The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History, by Philip Bobbitt, and The Paradox of American Power: Why America Must Join the World in Order to Lead It, by Joseph Nye, History Book Club Review, June 2002, at 2.
Second to None?, Texas Observer, Jan. 18, 2002, at 14 (reviewing The Second Amendment in Law and History, ed. by Carl T. Bogus).
Beyond the Chestnuts: The Marshall Court as Institution, H-Net Book Review: H-Law, Dec. 1997 (reviewing The Chief Justiceship of John Marshall: 1801-1835, by Herbert A. Johnson).
Fan Letters, 75 Texas Law Review 1471 (1997) (reviewing Holmes & Frankfurter: Their Correspondence, 1912-1934, ed. by Robert M. Mennel & Christine L. Compston).
A Nation Under Lawyers: How the Crisis in the Legal Profession Is Transforming American Society, by Mary Ann Glendon, 45 Journal of Legal Education 143 (1995).
The Multicultures of Belief and Disbelief, 92 Michigan Law Review 1873 (1994) (reviewing Stephen Bates, Battleground: One Mother?s Crusade, the Religious Right, and the Struggle for Control of Our Classrooms , and Stephen L. Carter, The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion).
Unnatural Law, New Republic, July 19 & 26, 1993, at 40 (reviewing The Partial Constitution, by Cass R. Sunstein).
Strategy, Jurisprudence, and Certiorari, 79 Virginia Law Review 717 (1993) (reviewing Deciding to Decide: Agenda Setting in the United States Supreme Court, by H. W. Perry Jr.).
Love and Power: The Role of Religion and Morality in American Politics, by Michael J. Perry, 105 Harvard Law Review 2061 (1992).
Lingo Fracas, 255 Nation 549 (1992) (reviewing Hold Your Tongue: Bilingualism and the Politics of ?English Only?, by James Crawford, and Language Loyalties: A Source Book on the Official English Controversy, ed. by James Crawford).
Conversing About Justice, 100 Yale Law Journal 1855 (1991) (reviewing Justice as Translation: An Essay in Cultural and Legal Criticism, by James Boyd White).
Passion, System, and First Amendment Jurisprudence, 16 Law & Social Inquiry 643 (1991) (reviewing The First Amendment, Democracy, and Romance, by Steven Levinson).
Strolling Down the Path of Law (And Toward Critical Legal Studies?): The Jurisprudence of Richard Posner, 91 Columbia Law Review 1221 (1991) (reviewing The Problems of Jurisprudence, by Richard A. Posner).
Constitutions in Democratic Politics, by Vernon Bogdanor, 100 Ethics 458 (1990).
The Presence of the Past: Essays on the State and the Constitution, by Sheldon S. Wolin, 18 Political Theory 701 (1990).
Two Jewish Justices: Outcasts in the Promised Land, by Robert A. Burt, 10 Cardozo Law Review 2359 (1989).
Semiotics and Legal Theory, by Bernard S. Jackson, 97 Ethics 666 (1987).
Hercules? Bow: Essays on the Rhetoric and Poetics of the Law, by James Boyd White, 97 Ethics 666 (1987).
The Failure of the Word, by Richard Weisberg, 7 Cardozo Law Review 453 (1986) (with Susan Sage Heinzelman).
Politics and Money: The New Road to Corruption, by Elizabeth Drew, 83 Michigan Law Review 939 (1985).
Dimensions of Tolerance: What Americans Believe, by Herbert McClosky & Alida Brill, 2 Constitution Commentary 512 (1985).
Freedom of Expression, by Martin H. Redish, 80 Northwestern University Law Review 437 (1985).
The Iconoclast as Reformer: Jerome Frank?s Impact on American Law, by Robert Jerome Glennon, 1985 American Bar Foundation Research Journal 899.
Constitutional Faiths: Felix Frankfurter, Hugo Black and the Process of Judicial Decision Making, by Mark Silverstein, 3 Law & History Review 437 (1985).
Death Penalties, by Raoul Berger, 236 The Nation 248 (1983).
Educational Policy-Making and the Courts: an Empirical Study of Judicial Activism, by Michael Rebell, 91 American Journal of Education 271 (1983).
The Politics of Law: a Progressive Critique, by David Kairys, 96 Harvard Law Review 1466 (1983).
Democracy and Distrust, by John Hart Ely, 59 Texas Law Review 395 (1981).
Judicial Review and the National Political Process, by Jesse H. Choper, 59 Texas Law Review 395 (1981).
Woe Unto You Lawyers!, by Fred Rodell, 230 The Nation 763 (1980).
Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice, by Charles E. Silberman, Chronicle of Higher Education, Jan. 22, 1979, at R5.
Lying, by Sissela Bok, 227 The Nation 181 (1978).
The Mirage of Social Justice, by Freidrich Hayek, 72 American Political Science Review 1026 (1978).
The Investigators: Managing FBI and Narcotics Agents, by James Q. Wilson, 226 The Nation 513 (1978).
The Modern Corporate State, by Arthur Selwyn Miller, Chronicle of Higher Education, Apr. 18, 1977, at 20.
From the Diaries of Felix Frankfurter, ed. by Joseph P. Lash, 21 American Journal of Legal History 80 (1977).
The Role of the Supreme Court in American Government, by Archibald Cox, 49 New England Quarterly 474 (1976).
Unequal Justice, by Jerold S. Auerbach, 29 Vanderbilt Law Review 1487 (1975).
2 Letters of Louis Brandeis, ed. by Melvin I. Urofsky & David W. Levy, 3 Societas 371 (1973).
Nomos XII: Political and Legal Obligation, ed. by J. Roland Pennock & John William Chapman, 15 Midwest Journal of Political Science 625 (1971).
Open Systems, by Henry S. Kariel, 64 American Political Science Review 1276 (1970).
Roosevelt and Frankfurter, ed. by Max Freedman, Dissent, May-June 1968.
The Case For Liberty, by Helen Day Miller, 76 Yale Law Journal 249 (1966).
The Bill of Rights, by Irving Brandt; and The Case For Liberty, by Helen Day Miller, 76 Yale Law Journal 249 (1966).
Contributions
Continuity in Government, in 1 Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States 430 (David S. Tanenhaus ed.; Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008).
Political Change and the ?Creative Destruction? of Public Space, in Cultural Human Rights 1 ( Francesco Francioni & Martin Scheinin eds.; Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2008).
Twenty-Seventh Amendment, in 5 Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States 83 (David S. Tanenhaus ed.; Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008).
Twelfth Amendment, in 5 Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States 77 (David S. Tanenhaus ed.; Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008).
Linda Greenhouse, in 2 Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States 364 (David S. Tanenhaus ed.; Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008).
Article V, in 1 Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States 106 (David S. Tanenhaus ed.; Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008).
Hercules, Abraham Lincoln, the United States Constitution, and the Problem of Slavery, in Ronald Dworkin 136 (Arthur Ripstein, ed.; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Our Papalist Supreme Court: Is Reformation Thinkable (or Possible)?, in Law And The Sacred 109 (Austin Sarat, Lawrence Douglas & Martha Merrill Umphrey, eds.; Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007).
Constitutional Engagement ?Outside the Courts? (and ?Inside the Legislature?): Reflections on Professional Expertise and the Ability to Engage in Constitutional Interpretation in The Least Examined Branch: The Role of Legislatures in the Constitutional State 378 (Richard W. Bauman & Tsvi Kahana eds.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
Is Secession the Achilles Heel of ?Strong? Federalism?, in Patterns Of Regionalism And Federalism 207 (Basil Markesinis & J?rg Fedtke eds.; Oxford, U.K.: Hart Publishing, 2006).
Life Tenure and the Supreme Court: What Is to Be Done?, in Reforming the Court: Term Limits for Supreme Court Justices 375 (Roger C. Cramton & Paul D. Carrington eds.; Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2006).
When (Some) Republican Justices Exhibited Concern for the Plight of the Poor: An Essay in Historical Retrieval, in Law and Class in America 21 (Paul D. Carrington & Trina Jones, eds.; New York, NY: NYU Press, 2006).
Privacy, in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Kermit L. Hall ed.; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Torture in Iraq and the Rule of Law in America, in In the Name of Democracy: American War Crimes in Iraq and Beyond 180 (Jeremy Brecher et al. eds.; New York: Metropolitan Books, 2005).
?Getting Religion?: Religion, diversity, and Community in Public and Private Schools, in School Choice: the Moral Debate 104 (Alan Wolfe ed.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003) (with Meira Levinson).
The Historians? Counterattack: Some Reflections on the Historiography of the Second Amendment, in Guns, Crime, and Punishment in America 91 (Bernard E. Harcourt ed.; New York: New York University Press, 2003).
The Louisiana Purchase as Seminal Constitutional Event, in The Louisiana Purchase: Emergence of an American Nation 105 (Peter J. Kastor ed.; Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2002).
Arms, Right to Bear, in The Oxford Companion to American Law 35 (Kermit L. Hall ed.; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
Installing the Insular Cases into the Canon of Constitutional Law, in Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution 121 (Christina Duffy Burnett & Burke Marshall eds.; Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001).
Designing an Amendment Process, in Constitutional Culture and Democratic Rule 271 (John Ferejohn, Jack N. Rakove & Jonathan Riley eds.; Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
Religious Diversity and the Constitution, in 5 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 2180 (2nd ed.; Leonard W. Levy & Kenneth L. Karst eds; New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Trials, Commissions, and Investigating Committees: The Elusive Search for Norms of Due Process, in Truth v. Justice: The Morality of the Truth Commissions 211 (Robert I. Rothberg & Dennis Thompson eds.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
Widmar v. Vincent, in Religion and American Law: An Encyclopedia 556 (Paul Finkelman ed.; New York: Garland Publishing, 2000).
Militias, Modern, in 4 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 1728 (2nd ed.; Leonard W. Levy & Kenneth L. Karst eds; New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Legal Canons: An Introduction, in Legal Canons 3 (Sanford Levinson & J. M. Balkin eds.; New York: New York University Press, 2000) (with J. M. Balkin).
Constitutional Theory (Update), in 2 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 657 (2nd ed.; Leonard W. Levy & Kenneth L. Karst eds; New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Constitution as Civil Religion, in 2 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 665 (2nd ed.; Leonard W. Levy & Kenneth L. Karst eds; New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Gun Control, in 3 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 1243 (2nd ed.; Leonard W. Levy & Kenneth L. Karst eds; New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Constitutional Canons and Constitutional Thought, in Legal Canons 400 (Sanford Levinson & J. M. Balkin eds.; New York: New York University Press, 2000) (with J.M. Balkin).
Law as Performance, in 2 Law and Literature: Current Legal Issues 729 (Michael Freeman & Andrew D. E. Lewis eds.; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999) (with J. M Balkin).
The Tutelary State: ?Censorship,? ?Silencing,? and the ?Practices of Cultural Regulation?, in Censorship and Silencing: Practices of Cultural Regulation 195 (Robert C. Post ed.; Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute for the History of Art & the Humanities, 1998).
Antigone and Creon, in Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies 248 (William N. Eskridge, Jr. & Sanford Levinson eds.; New York: New York University Press, 1998) (with William N. Eskridge, Jr.).
How Stupid Can a Coasean Constitution Be?, in Constitutional Stupidities, Constitutional Tragedies 107 (William N. Eskridge, Jr. & Sanford Levinson eds.; New York: New York University Press, 1998) (with William N. Eskridge, Jr.).
The Operational Irrelevance of Originalism, in Liberty Under Law: American Constitutionalism, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 113 (Kenneth L. Grasso & Cecilia Rodriguez Castillo eds.; Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2nd ed. 1998).
Slavery in the Canon of Constitutional Law, in Slavery & the Law 89 (Paul Finkelman ed.; Madison, WI: Madison House, 1997).
Abstinence and Exclusion: What Does Liberalism Demand of the Religiously Oriented (Would Be) Judge?, in Religion and Contemporary Liberalism 76 (Paul J. Weithman ed.; Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).
The Rhetoric of the Judicial Opinion, in Law?s Stories: Narrative and Rhetoric in the Law 187 (Peter Brooks & Paul Gewirtz eds.; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996).
The Flag as Symbol, in The Flag and the Law: A Documentary History of the Treatment of the American Flag by the Supreme Court and Congress xv (Marlyn Robinson & Chris Simoni eds.; Buffalo, NY: Hein, 1993).
Privacy, in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States 671 (Kermit L. Hall ed.; New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
Constitutionalism as Civil Religion, in 1992 Supplement to Encyclopedia of the American Constitution (Leonard W. Levy, Kenneth L. Karst & Dennis J. Mahoney eds.; New York: Macmillan, 1986; 1992).
Enlivening the Text: Interpreting (or Inventing) the Constitution, in The United States Constitution: Roots; Rights, and Responsibilities 291 (A. E. Dick Howard ed.; Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992). [Proceedings of the 1987 Smithsonian Institution Symposium on the Bicentennial of the Constitution.]
Affirmative Action, Felix Frankfurter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Rehnquist, and Supreme Court, in The Reader?s Companion to American History 15-17, 416-417, 506-507, 926, 1050-1052 (Eric Foner & John A. Garraty eds.; Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1991).
Can One Account for Tastes in Constitutional Interpretations? in Constitutionalism in Perspective: The United States Constitution in Twentieth Century Politics 23 (Sarah Baumgartner Thurow ed.; Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1988). [Substantially reprinted as Clashes of Taste in Constitutional Interpretation, 35 Dissent 301 (1988).]
Freedom of Speech and the Right of Access to Private Property Under State Constitutional Law, in Developments in State Constitutional Law: The Williamsburg Conference 51 (Bradley D. McGraw ed.; St. Paul: West, 1985).
Princeton Versus Free Speech: A Post Mortem, in Regulating the Intellectuals: Perspectives on Academic Freedom in the 1980?s 189 (Craig Kaplan & Ellen Schrecker eds.; New York: Praeger, 1983).
Die Zulassung zum offentlichen Dienst und die Schranken der politischen Bestatigung der Beamten in der USA, in Extremisten und Offentlicher Dienst: Rechstlage und Praxis des Zugangs zum und der Entlassung aus dem Offentlichen Dienst in Westeuropa, USA, Jugoslawien und der EG 559 (Ernst-Wolfgang Bockenforde, Christian Tomuschat & Dieter C. Umbach eds.; Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1981) (with D. C. Umbach).
